- 1、每日记一词：Obesity
- 2、研究：孤独会增加中年男人患癌风险 危害等同于吸烟和肥胖 Loneliness increases the risk of CANCER for middle-aged men \u0026#39;as much as smoking or being overweight\u0026#39;
- 3、【双语资讯】研究：肥胖或将永久损害大脑传递饱足感的能力
每日记一词：Obesity
单词: Obesity
词性: 名词
意思: 肥胖症，肥大;过胖
音标: /əʊˈbi:sɪti/
巧记方法：
1.构词法：Obesity可以分为两部分，前缀'ob-'意为“过度”，后缀'-esity'与'quality'（质量）同源，故可理解为“过度的质量”即“肥胖”。
2.谐音法：
1)按英文原始发音：“欧比是他”，联想到一个人因为过度肥胖，人们都叫他''欧比是他''。
2)分拆按汉语拼音发音：分解为o（哦）be（倍）si(死)ti(体），谐音为“哦，倍死体”，联想到过度肥胖的人身体状况不佳。
3.与其它单词的关联：Obesity和Fat都表示“胖”，但obesity更侧重于医学上的严重肥胖。
例句:
【例句1】Obesity can lead to a number of health problems.（肥胖症会导致许多健康问题。）
【例句2】The government is aiming to reduce obesity rates.（政府打算降低肥胖率。）
【例句3】Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases.（肥胖是许多疾病的危险因素。）
词源: Obesity源自拉丁语obesitas,意为“肥胖”。
近义词:
【近义词1】fat（胖的，肥的）
【近义词2】overweight（超重的）
【近义词3】corpulent（肥胖的）
反义词:
【反义词1】thin（瘦的）
【反义词2】slim（苗条的）
常见搭配:
【常见搭配1】childhood obesity（儿童肥胖症）
【常见搭配2】obesity epidemic（肥胖症流行）
【常见搭配3】obesity problem（肥胖问题）
拓展说明:
【关于单词更深入的解释或用法说明】虽然obesity和fat都表示“胖”，但是在使用中有区别。Fat多用于日常口语中，描述一个人外形胖，而obesity多用于医学上，描述一种疾病，指的是体重超过正常值的30%，对健康造成威胁的状态。在写作中，要根据需要选择使用，避免混淆。
研究：孤独会增加中年男人患癌风险 危害等同于吸烟和肥胖 Loneliness increases the risk of CANCER for middle-aged men \u0026#39;as much as smoking or being overweight\u0026#39;
来源:中国日报网
很多人都知道，孤独不利于心理健康，但你可能不知道，孤独对身体健康也会造成很大危害。研究发现，孤独会将中年男人的患癌风险增加10%，危害力相当于吸烟和肥胖。
[Photo/Pexels]
Lonely and single middle-aged men are at an increased risk of developing cancer than those in a relationship and with people around them, according to a new study.
新研究发现，孤独的单身中年男人比有伴的中年男人患癌风险更高。
A team from the University of Eastern Finland worked with 2,570 middle-aged men, monitoring their health and mortality from the 1980s to the present day.
东芬兰大学的研究团队调查了2570名中年男性，从20世纪80年代开始就一直监测他们的健康状况和死亡率。
Over the course of the study 25% of participants had developed cancer, with 11% of the Finnish men involved dying from the condition.
在研究期间，25%的参与者患上了癌症，其中有11%的芬兰男性死于癌症。
There was a 'clear link' between loneliness and an increased risk of cancer, the team explained, with being lonely increasing the risk of cancer by about ten percent.
研究团队解释道，孤独和患癌风险增加之间有“明显关联”，孤独可导致患癌风险增加约10%。
Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death. Loneliness has been suggested as a risk factor for cancer mortality. However, connections between loneliness, social isolation, and cancer are poorly understood.
从全球来看，癌症是人类的第二大死因。目前已经发现，孤独是导致患癌死亡的一个风险因素，但是人们对孤独、社交隔绝和癌症三者之间的联系知之甚少。
Recent studies have suggested that loneliness could be as significant a health risk as smoking or being overweight, according to the researchers.
近期的研究显示，孤独对健康的危害可能和吸烟、肥胖一样大。
'Our findings support the idea that attention should be paid to this issue,' said project Researcher Siiri-Liisi Kraav from the University of Eastern Finland.
东芬兰大学的项目研究员西瑞-里西·卡拉夫说道：“我们的发现证实，这一问题应该得到重视。”
In addition, cancer mortality was higher in cancer patients who were unmarried, widowed or divorced at baseline.
此外，未婚、丧偶或中年离婚的癌症患者死亡率更高。
'Awareness of the health effects of loneliness is constantly increasing. Therefore, it is important to examine, in more detail, the mechanisms by which loneliness causes adverse health effects,' the authors wrote.
作者写道：“孤独对健康的影响越来越受到重视。因此，有必要更详细地研究孤独导致负面健康影响的机制。”
'This information would enable us to better alleviate loneliness and the harm caused by it, as well as to find optimal ways to target preventive measures.'
“这一信息将让我们能够更好地缓解孤独和由此造成的危害，也有助于找到最理想的预防措施。”
The findings were published in Psychiatry Research.
该研究结果被发表在《精神病学研究》上。
英文来源：每日邮报
翻译&编辑：丹妮
【双语资讯】研究：肥胖或将永久损害大脑传递饱足感的能力
为什么很多肥胖者减肥总是一而再、再而三地失败，即使减肥成功了一段时间，也往往会快速反弹？新发布的一项研究可能有助于解释这一现象。研究发现，肥胖可能会永久损害大脑在人体摄入脂肪和糖分后传递饱足感的能力。
Photo/Pexels
Obesity may damage the brain’s ability to recognize the sensation of fullness and be satisfied after eating fats and sugars, a new study found.
一项新研究发现，肥胖可能会损害大脑在人体摄入脂肪和糖分后传递饱足感的能力。
Further, those brain changes may last even after people considered medically obese lose a significant amount of weight — possibly explaining why many people often regain the pounds they lose.
而且，即使在肥胖患者减肥之后，大脑的这一改变可能仍会持续，这也许能解释为什么许多人在减肥后又胖回来。
As defined medically, people with obesity have a body mass index, or BMI, of over 30, while normal weight is a BMI of between 18 and 25.
医学上定义的肥胖者身体质量指数超过30，而体重正常者的身体质量指数在18和25之间。
Nature Metabolism
6月12日发表在《自然·代谢》期刊上的这项研究开展了临床对照测试，让30名肥胖患者和30名体重正常者摄入了糖类碳水化合物（葡萄糖）、脂肪（油脂）或水（作为对照）。每一组营养物在不同日期通过饲管直接输送到他们的胃里。
The night before the testing, all 60 study participants had the same meal for dinner at home and did not eat again until the feeding tube was in place the next morning. As either sugars or fats entered the stomach via the tube, researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to capture the brain’s response over 30 minutes.
在测试前一晚，60名研究参与者都在家中吃了同样的饭，直至次日早上使用饲管之前都不再进食。由于糖和脂肪都是通过饲管进入胃的，研究人员能够用功能性磁共振成像和单光子发射计算机断层扫描技术来捕捉大脑在30分钟内的反应。
In people with normal weight, the study found brain signals in the striatum slowed when either sugars or fats were put into the digestive system — evidence that the brain recognized the body had been fed.
研究发现，体重正常者在糖或脂肪进入消化系统时大脑纹状体发出的信号会减慢，这证明大脑意识到身体已被喂食。
At the same time, levels of dopamine rose in those at normal weight, signaling that the reward centers of the brain were also activated.
与此同时，体重正常者的多巴胺水平会上升，这意味着大脑的奖励中心也被激活了。
However, when the same nutrients were given via feeding tube to people considered medically obese, brain activity did not slow, and dopamine levels did not rise.
然而，当同样的营养物通过饲管进入肥胖患者的胃里时，大脑活动并没有变慢，多巴胺水平也没有上升。
Next, the study asked people with obesity to lose 10% of their body weight within three months — an amount of weight known to improve blood sugars, reset metabolism and boost overall health.
接下来，研究人员让肥胖者在3个月内减掉10%的体重，减重10%据悉能够改善血糖，重置新陈代谢，提升整体健康水平。
Tests were repeated as before — with surprising results. Losing weight did not reset the brain in people with obesity.
然后研究人员又重复了先前的测试，结果令人惊讶。减肥并没有重置肥胖者的大脑。
Much more research is needed to fully understand what obesity does to the brain, and if that is triggered by the fat tissue itself, the types of food eaten, or other environmental and genetic factors.
要充分了解肥胖到底对大脑产生了什么影响，这一影响是由脂肪组织本身还是摄入的食物种类，亦或是其他环境或遗传因素触发的，还有待更多研究。
据中国日报网
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮