每日记一词：Obesity
单词: Obesity
词性: 名词
意思: 肥胖症，肥大;过胖
音标: /əʊˈbi:sɪti/
巧记方法：
1.构词法：Obesity可以分为两部分，前缀'ob-'意为“过度”，后缀'-esity'与'quality'（质量）同源，故可理解为“过度的质量”即“肥胖”。
2.谐音法：
1)按英文原始发音：“欧比是他”，联想到一个人因为过度肥胖，人们都叫他''欧比是他''。
2)分拆按汉语拼音发音：分解为o（哦）be（倍）si(死)ti(体），谐音为“哦，倍死体”，联想到过度肥胖的人身体状况不佳。
3.与其它单词的关联：Obesity和Fat都表示“胖”，但obesity更侧重于医学上的严重肥胖。
例句:
【例句1】Obesity can lead to a number of health problems.（肥胖症会导致许多健康问题。）
【例句2】The government is aiming to reduce obesity rates.（政府打算降低肥胖率。）
【例句3】Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases.（肥胖是许多疾病的危险因素。）
词源: Obesity源自拉丁语obesitas,意为“肥胖”。
近义词:
【近义词1】fat（胖的，肥的）
【近义词2】overweight（超重的）
【近义词3】corpulent（肥胖的）
反义词:
【反义词1】thin（瘦的）
【反义词2】slim（苗条的）
常见搭配:
【常见搭配1】childhood obesity（儿童肥胖症）
【常见搭配2】obesity epidemic（肥胖症流行）
【常见搭配3】obesity problem（肥胖问题）
拓展说明:
【关于单词更深入的解释或用法说明】虽然obesity和fat都表示“胖”，但是在使用中有区别。Fat多用于日常口语中，描述一个人外形胖，而obesity多用于医学上，描述一种疾病，指的是体重超过正常值的30%，对健康造成威胁的状态。在写作中，要根据需要选择使用，避免混淆。
【双语阅读】肥胖与大脑发育：有联系吗？
In the United States, about 25 million children are either overweight or obese.
在美国，大约有 2500 万儿童超重或肥胖。
A new study explored how being overweight or obese might affect brain development in children.
一项新的研究探讨了超重或肥胖对儿童大脑发育的影响。
A report on the study appeared this month in JAMA Pediatrics, a publication of the American Medical Association.
这项研究的报告本月发表在《美国医学会杂志・儿科学》上，由美国医学会出版。
The writers suggested a link between body mass index, brain development and "executive functions, such as working memory."
作者认为，体重指数、大脑发育和 “执行功能，如工作记忆” 之间存在联系。
An editorial published with the report called the study an important addition to growing evidence of a link between weight, brain structure and mental function.
该报告发表的一篇社论称，越来越多的证据表明体重、大脑结构和精神功能之间存在联系，这项研究是对这一证据的重要补充。
It also warned against misinterpreting the findings.
它还警告不要误解调查结果。
The study involved 3,190 U.S. boys and girls, aged 9 and 10.
这项研究涉及 3190 名美国男孩和女孩，年龄分别为 9 岁和 10 岁。
Researchers had height and weight measurements and MRI scans of their brains.
研究人员测量了他们的身高和体重，并对他们的大脑进行了核磁共振扫描。
MRI is short for magnetic resonance imaging, a method used to take pictures of organs and tissues within the body.
MRI 是磁共振成像的简称，是一种用于拍摄人体器官和组织的方法。
The children took computer-based tests of mental function, including memory, language, reasoning and impulse control.
这些孩子接受了包括记忆、语言、推理和冲动控制在内的智力测试。
Nearly 1,000 of the kids — almost 1 in 3 — were overweight or obese, similar to levels nationwide.
近 1000 名儿童（近三分之一）超重或肥胖，与全国水平相当。
Researchers found differences in the brain scan images of the heaviest children.
研究人员发现，体重最重的儿童的大脑扫描图像存在差异。
They observed slightly less volume -- the amount of space -- in the brain behind the forehead.
他们观察到前额后面的脑容量（即空间的大小）略小。
This area controls what are known as "executive function" tasks.
这个区域控制着所谓的 “执行功能” 任务。
Such tasks include things like planning, controlling impulses and dealing with two or more activities at the same time.
这类任务包括计划、控制冲动以及同时处理两项或两项以上的活动。
Compared with normal-weight children, the differences were small, noted Scott Mackey, a neuroscientist at the University of Vermont.
和正常体重的孩子相比，差异很小，佛蒙特大学的神经学家斯科特・麦基指出。
The heaviest children also had slightly worse results on the computer-based tests of executive function.
在执行功能的电脑测试中，体重最重的孩子表现稍差。
But it is unknown whether any of the differences had much of an effect on children's behavior or performance in school.
但目前还不清楚这些差异是否对孩子们在学校的行为或表现有很大影响。
Those are the opinions of Mackey and Jennifer Laurent, a University of Vermont researcher.
这是麦基和佛蒙特大学研究员珍妮弗・洛朗的观点。
Laurent was the lead author of the report on the study.
劳伦特是这项研究报告的主要作者。
It is also unclear how the differences relate to weight.
目前还不清楚这些差异与体重之间的关系。
Mackey said other factors not measured in the study, including physical activity and good nutrition, are likely important.
麦基说，这项研究没有衡量的其他因素，包括体育活动和良好的营养，可能也很重要。
Research in adults has linked obesity with low-level inflammation throughout the body.
对成年人的研究发现，肥胖与全身的低水平炎症有关。
The condition can damage blood vessels and may increase risks for heart disease and loss of mental ability.
这种情况会损害血管，并可能增加患心脏病和智力丧失的风险。
Some studies have also found less brain volume in obese adults.
一些研究还发现，肥胖成年人的脑容量更小。
Researchers suspect that the decreased brain volume could be from inflammation.
研究人员怀疑，大脑体积的减少可能是由炎症引起的。
The new study raises the possibility that inflammatory changes affecting weight, brain structure and brain function might begin in childhood.
这项新的研究提出了一种可能性，即影响体重、大脑结构和大脑功能的炎症变化可能始于儿童时期。
Eliana Perrin is a doctor and specialist of children's health at Duke University in North Carolina.
埃莉安娜・佩林是北卡罗来纳州杜克大学的一名医生和儿童健康专家。
She co-wrote the editorial published in JAMA Pediatrics.
她参与撰写了这篇发表在《美国医学会杂志・儿科学》上的社论。
She says that people should be careful about how they interpret the study.
她说，人们在解释这项研究时应该谨慎。
"We don't know which direction these relationships go nor do they suggest that people with obesity are not as smart as people at a healthy weight," she said.
“我们不知道这些关系会往哪个方向发展，也不认为肥胖的人不如体重正常的人聪明。” 她说。
The latest research confirms results of earlier studies in children and adults, but it leaves many questions unanswered, said Marci Gluck.
最新的研究证实了早期对儿童和成人的研究结果，但仍有许多问题没有得到解答，马西・格鲁克说。
Gluck is with the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
格鲁克就职于美国国家糖尿病、消化和肾脏疾病研究所。
She was not part of the research, and warned people against making a link between executive function and intelligence.
她没有参与这项研究，并警告人们不要把执行功能和智力联系起来。
Natasha Schvey is an obesity researcher with the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.
娜塔莎・施维是健康科学统一服务大学的肥胖研究员。
She called the study impressive, but noted that many factors influence people's diets and obesity.
她称这项研究令人印象深刻，但指出许多因素影响人们的饮食和肥胖。
"We know from a lot of really good research that obesity is not as much in an individual's control as we think it is. People talk about willpower — that's a very small part of the equation," she said.
“我们从很多非常好的研究中得知，肥胖并不像我们认为的那样完全由个人控制。人们谈论意志力 —— 那只是等式中很小的一部分，” 她说。
"There are much bigger contributors to our weight and a lot of it is genetic."
“我们的体重有更大的影响因素，其中很大一部分是遗传的。”
I'm John Russell.
约翰・拉塞尔为您播报。
内容来源：VOA慢速英语
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双语阅读：15种会使你变胖的饮品
You know how many calories you’re eating - but what about how many you’re drinking? Some drinks can contain a surprising number of calories, such as orange juice, while alcohol can easily undo your best efforts to lose weight.
你知道你吃的食物中所含的卡路里-但是你知道你喝的饮品中含有多少吗？一些饮品包含令人惊异的卡路里数量，例如橙汁，然而酒精很容易破坏你减肥的努力。
Read on to discover the calories in 15 common beverages and what to have if you’re watching your weight….
往下读，发现15种普通饮料所包含的卡路里，如果你关注你的体重，你应该喝什么...。
1.White wine 白酒
A large glass of white wine (250ml/8oz) contains around 180 calories. Be careful, as three large glasses is equal to one bottle, giving you 540 calories - not to mention a hangover!
一大杯白酒（250毫升/8盎司）大约包含180卡路里。注意，三大杯相当于一瓶，提供540卡路里-不用说第二天的头痛以及恶心了！
2.Orange juice 橙汁
Orange juice contains healthy vitamin C but it’s also packed with natural sugars. A single glass contains 88 calories. Switch to low-calorie cordial drinks or mix water with your juice.
橙汁包含健康的维他命C,但是它也含天然的糖。单独的一杯包含88卡路里。转换成低卡路里的提神饮料，或在果汁中混合水。
3.Cocktails 鸡尾酒
Cocktails are great on a night out but be careful what you order. Avoid those made with lots of shots, creme de menthe or sugary fruit juice. An Applemartini is a good choice, with around 148 calories per glass.
鸡尾酒在晚上饮用是极好的，但要注意你点了什么。避免那些颜色会变化的薄荷甜酒或加糖的水果汁。一杯苹果马天尼鸡尾酒是好的选择，每杯大约148卡路里。
4.Soda 苏打水
Studies have linked drinking soda (diet or normal) with obesity. If you can’t give up your cola fix, opt for diet varieties. A full-sugar can of cola (330ml/12oz) contains 140 calories.
研究把饮料苏打水（减肥的或正常的）和过度肥胖联系起来。如果你不能放弃可乐，选择不同的饮品。一听全糖的可乐（330毫升/12盎司）包含140卡路里。
5.Mulled wine 热葡萄酒
A favourite on the ski slopes, mulled wine contains more calories than you might think. A medium-sized glass can contain 245 calories - 160 more than a similar-size glass of red wine.
在滑雪坡上的最爱，热葡萄酒包含的卡路里比你想象的多。中型的杯子包含245卡路里-超过相似类型的一杯红酒160。
6.Coffee 咖啡
A plain cup of coffee won’t expand your waistline – just go easy on the sugar, cream and flavourings. A small-sized McDonald's Frappe Caramel contains 450 calories – more than the average meal!
一杯咖啡不会扩大你的腰围-只需随便放些糖，冰淇淋和调味品。小杯的麦当劳焦糖冰沙包含450卡路里-超过每顿餐应摄入的平均值！
7.Beer 啤酒
If you love beer but don’t like your beer belly, opt for a bottle with a lower percentage alcohol. A bottle of beer with 3% alcohol can contain half the calories of 5.5% alcohol.
如果你喜欢啤酒但不喜欢啤酒肚，选择一瓶低酒精度的。一杯拥有3%酒精的啤酒会包含5.5%的酒精的一半的卡路里。
8.Energy drinks 能量型饮料
Energy drinks come packed with sugar and caffeine. The worst offenders contain 280 calories and 62g of sugar in a can (330ml/12oz). That’s the equivalent of six doughnuts!
能量型饮料充满糖和咖啡因。更有甚者在一罐（330毫升/12盎司）中包含280卡路里和62克的糖。相当于六个油炸圈饼。
9.Creamy liqueurs乳制品
They may taste delicious but avoid creamy liqueurs if you’re trying to slim down. A single measure (100ml/3.4oz) can contain as many as 350 calories and a shocking 15.7g of fat.
它们可能尝起来很美味，如果你正试着减肥，减少乳制品的饮用。单独的一杯（100毫升/3.4盎司）会包含350卡路里之多和令人惊异的15.7克的脂肪。
10 .Beverage 饮料
Beverage companies come up with all kinds of clever marketing campaigns, like creating flavoured water with added antioxidants. Read the label carefully though. Along with a few vitamins, that bottle could contain 150 calories and 33g sugar. Switch to plain water instead.
饮料公司想出了各种各样聪明的市场战略，像增加抗氧化物制造经过调味的水。尽管要仔细阅读标签。伴随一些维他命，一杯饮料会包含150卡路里和33克糖。为了保持体形取而代之转换成喝水。
11.Rum 朗姆酒
A single optic measure of rum contains 60 calories but it’s the sugary cola you have with it that pushes the calorie count up. Switch to a diet mixer if you’re watching your weight.
选择单独的一杯朗姆酒包含60卡路里，但是，是你喝的带糖的可乐使卡路里增加。把它转换成饮食搅拌器，如果你关注你的体重。
12.Sweetened tea 甜味茶
If you’re a fan of bottled sweetened tea, make sure you read the label carefully. Many average-sized bottles contain 140 calories, but some can contain as many as 240 calories.
如果你是杯装甜味茶迷，确保你仔细阅读了标签。许多正常体形的甜味茶包含140卡路里，但是一些会包含240卡路里之多。
13.Champagne香槟酒
A glass of bubbles is the perfect way to celebrate a special occasion. A small (120 ml/4.2oz) glass of champagne contains 89 calories – just 12 calories more than dry white wine.
一杯充满气泡的香槟酒是庆祝特殊场合的最佳方式。一小杯（120毫升/4.2盎司）香槟酒包含89卡路里-只比老白干多12卡路里。
14.Milkshakes 奶昔
Consider making your own milkshakes at home with skimmed milk and strawberries. A large strawberry shake in a fast food restaurant can contain a whopping 500 calories.
考虑自己在家用牛奶和草莓制作奶昔。在快餐店一大杯草莓奶昔会包含完全的500卡路里。
15.Gin 杜松子酒
Gin is relatively low in calories - a single shot (30ml/1oz) contains 55 calories. Order ordinary tonic and you’ll add 40 calories, or just four calories for a reduced-calorie tonic.
杜松子酒相当低卡路里-单独的一杯（120毫升/4.2盎司）包含55卡路里。点一杯普通的汤力水（一种味微苦，常加于烈性酒中的有气饮料）会增加40卡路里，或只需4卡路里用来减少卡路里的汤力水。
英文来源：lifestyle. xin.msn.com
中文翻译：www.en8848.com.cn 原版英语学习网编辑 Vicky