发胖后哪些器官会受损
发胖到底会对身体健康造成哪些具体的危害呢?
1.心脏。体内多余脂肪组织需要消耗更多的氧。这意味着心脏必须为脂肪组织提供更多的血氧。此外,动脉中脂肪堆积越多,动脉功能就越差,血管壁增厚,血流减少,不仅加重心脏负担,而且增加血栓和全身血液循环恶化的危险。研究发现,与健康人群相比,肥胖者动脉粥样硬化危险高10倍。
2.结肠。研究发现,肥胖与多数癌症都有相关性,但与结肠癌关联最大。在肥胖人群中,肠癌发病率与肥胖程度之间呈惊人的正比例关联。专家认为,一大原因是,加工肉食和红肉摄入过量,增加肠道息肉(早期结肠癌迹象)危险。另一大原因是胰岛素或血液中与胰岛素有关的生长因子水平偏高。但这些因素增加结肠癌风险的具体机理尚不完全清楚。
3.大脑。美国加州大学洛杉矶分校一项新研究发现,与体重正常人相比,胖人大脑组织平均少8%,大脑早衰16年。一般超重者的脑部组织也比正常人少4%,早衰8年。越胖,大脑认知功能越差。科学家认为,这与大脑神经纤维周围白质恶化有关。这会影响神经纤维传递信号。
4.皮肤。肥胖也会损害皮肤健康。肥胖症会导致体内激素变化,进而导致黑棘皮症(皮肤色素沉着,增厚粗糙等)和瘀滞性皮炎(皮肤红肿发炎等),也会导致静脉功能减退,血流不畅,增加脚部溃疡危险。
5.肺脏。法国一项研究发现,与体重正常者相比,腹部肥胖者肺功能损害几率高两倍,慢阻肺和睡眠呼吸暂停等呼吸道疾病发病率更高。研究人员表示,肥胖者肚子大会限制横膈膜,进而加大肺脏扩张难度。此外,过多脂肪会增加体内炎症反应,一定程度上损害肺脏。通常腹部肥胖是指,男性腰围大于40英寸(约101.6厘米),女性腰围大于35英寸(约88.9厘米)。
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5·11肥胖日|你的难“瘦”,我们来解“围”
编者按:
目前,中国人体重超重人群达2亿,肥胖人群超过9000万,因超重和肥胖引发的糖尿病、高血压、心血管病等疾病逐年增加且呈年轻化趋势,肥胖逐渐发展为一种慢性疾病。5月11日为“世界防治肥胖日”,谐音是“我要1”,“1”代表苗条,通俗地讲就是“我要瘦”。
肥胖是当体内营养过剩时,脂肪就会不断堆积到内脏,储存过多时,会出现明显超重与脂肪层过厚的状态。这是由于食物摄入过多或机体代谢的改变而导致体内脂肪积聚过多,造成体重过度增长并引起人体病理、生理改变或潜伏。肥胖会进一步引发脂肪肝、高血脂、高血压、糖尿病、动脉硬化、心脏病等心脑血管疾病及代谢综合征,进而增加中风和心肌梗死等急性心脑血管疾病发生的风险。
肥胖患者如何进行调整?
综合性生活方式干预是肥胖治疗中最为重要的基石。
1.饮食
减少由膳食摄入的能量、加强体力活动以增加能量消耗,控制能量平衡是保持健康的基本条件。注意平衡膳食, 可给予一些高蛋白、低热量食物,多食用新鲜的水果、蔬菜、粗粮等, 少食用甜品及碳酸饮料等。形成科学、健康的就餐习惯,合理安排晚餐时间,严禁晚间进食。
2.运动
适当的运动计划,并长期坚持。根据自身情况在专业人士指导,下选择合适的运动方式及运动量,注意循序渐进,可有效预防肥胖。
3.心理
减肥期间注意关注自身精神状态,必要时寻求专业医生进行心理疏导。
4.生活方式
养成良好的作息习惯、避免熬夜,戒烟戒酒。对于严重的肥胖患者,建议尽早诊断,尽早治疗,绝大多数肥胖患者通过科学有效的减重治疗,都可以得到缓解和治愈,从而回归正常的工作和生活。
治疗肥胖,针灸科有妙招!
针灸疗法通过经络、腧穴的传导作用,配合一定的操作手法,由外及内,平衡身体机能,改善肥胖。
针灸治疗肥胖的原理:
1、使脏腑机体的新陈代谢活动旺盛,能量消耗增加,健运水湿,调畅气机,振奋阳气,从而促进代谢。
2、调整人体胃肠功能及机体平衡,减慢胃排空,有效控制肥胖症者的摄食行为,从而达到减重及防止体重反弹的目的。
3、改善脂肪的形态转变,提高脂肪的代谢产热。
针刺治疗肥胖的选穴:
由于肥胖患者腹部脂肪堆积较其他部位明显,肥胖症的针刺疗法重视胸腹部腧穴的选用,体现“腧穴所在,主治所在”的原则。带脉环形腰腹部一周,正好是腹部脂肪堆积的部位。带脉环腰贯脐,环身一周,调节他经及脏腑升降气机,是阴阳交泰之关键。带脉经气不利,约束无权,则脾胃失度,水谷精微变生膏浊,留着脏腑,囤积中焦腹部而致腹满肥胖。“通调带脉”干预肥胖,既能恢复带脉对纵行经脉的正常约束作用;又能调理中焦脾胃,而使气机升降的功能恢复正常。
针刺疗法在重视局部取穴的同时,同样重视选用远端腧穴和肘膝关节以下的特定穴,四肢在下为“根”为“本”,是经气之源,其主治范围广泛,加之选用的腧穴为特定穴,可以通调经气,对肥胖症的病机进行有效治疗。
减肥是一件需要长期坚持的事情,希望“胖友们”能通过科学的减肥方法,赶走“脂肪君”,在健康的基础上享“瘦”美好的生活。(本期专家:北京中医药大学东方医院针灸科梁翠梅、杨文津、胡慧)
初中英语作文模板:好词好句让写作文不再痛苦
一、英语书信的常见写作模板
开头部分:
How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about the activity.I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
结尾部分:
With best wishes.I’m looking forward to your reply.I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
二、口头通知常见写作模板
呼语及开场白部分:
Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
正文部分:
All the teachers and students are required to attend it.Please take your notebooks and make notes.Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.Please come on time and don’t be late.
结束语部分:
Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend it.I hope you’ll have a nice time here.That’s all. Thank you.
三、议论文模板
1.正反观点式议论文模板导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)Our opinions are divided >(观点有分歧)
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)
2.“A或者B”类议论文模板:
导入第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...
(赞同A的原因)第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)
结论第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论)
3.观点论述类议论文模板:
导入第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下)
正文第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
结论第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)
4."How to"类议论文模板:
导入第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)
结论第3段:These are not the best but the >强调解决此类问题的根本方法)
四、图表作文写作模板
The chart gives us an overall picture of the
图表主题. The first thing we notice is that
图表最大特点 . This means that as (进一步说明).
We can see from the statistics given that
图表细节一 . After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化, the动词-ed 幅度 时间(紧跟着的变化) . The figures also tell us that
图表细节二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因). / It is high time that we (发出倡议).
1.开头Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...
2.衔接句As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.
3.结尾句In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated.
好词好句
话题一:中学生的爱好与兴趣
Spare time(业余时间), favorite(最喜欢的),Interest(兴趣), hobby(爱好),appetite(嗜好),taste(口味), read novels(也小说),play football/basketball(打足球/篮球),surf the internet(上网),chat >在线聊天),play games(玩游戏),collect stamps(集邮),make e-friends(交网友),climb mountains(爬山),watch TV(看电视),enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐), be interested in(对……感兴趣),develop an interest in(在……方面发展兴趣),be fond of(喜欢……),be keen >喜欢……),have love for(喜爱……),have a taste in(对……有兴趣) 等。
话题二:劳动与劳动观念
Work(工作),be at work(在工作)work hard(努力工作),produce(生产)worker(工人),labor force(劳动力)labor(劳动), voluntary labor(义务劳动)serve the people(为人民服务),heart and soul(全心全意)physical labor(体力劳动), mental labor(脑力劳动)labor viewpoint(劳动观念),labor Day(劳动节)workday(工作日),means of labor(劳动方式)honorable(光荣的),be devoted to(奉献于……)value(价值), earn money(赚钱) personal interests(个人利益)等
话题三:创建和谐社会
harmonious(和谐的)
friendly(友好的)
civilized(文明的)
honest(真诚的)
credible (诚信的)
be public-spirited(有公德心的)
balanced(平衡的)
be in order(有序的)
peaceful(和平的)
live in harmony(生活和谐)
sustainable development(可持续发展)等
help each ether(互助),
care for each other(互相关心
)have deep love for (热爱)
be concerned with (关心)
build(创建)
cherish(珍惜)t
ake an active part in(积极参与)
pay attention to social moral(讲究社会公德)
protect the environment(保护环境)
save energy(节省能源)等
No pains, no gains. 不劳无获
can be achieved by hard wok. ……可以通过劳动获得
It is honorable to … ……是光荣的
It is difficult to find work in the present situation 在当前形势下,很难找到工作If
everyone … for others and the society, our world will be …。人为他人和社会做……, 我们这个世界将会……。
Every 每个人应该 ……
话题四:招聘与求职
employ(雇佣)
look for(寻找)
take in(吸纳)
full-time(全职的)
part-time(兼职的)
well-paid(薪水高)
be paid by the hour(按小时发工资)
requirement(要求),
resume(个人履历)
schooling(受教育情况)
subjects(课程)
working experience(工作经历)
qualification(合格证明)
transcript (成绩单)
health(健康状况)
present address(现在通讯地址)等
apply for(申请…)
graduate from(毕业于)
major in(以…为专业)
degree(学位)
scholarship(奖学金)
good grades(良好的成绩)
hobby(爱好)
favorite(最喜欢的)
be skilled in(在……方面熟练)
be good at(擅长……)
experienced(有经验的)
confident(自信的)
English and computer ability(英语和计算机能力)
healthy(健康的)等。
话题五:中学生的健康问题
Physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态)
strong(强壮的)
un/healthy(不健康/健康的)
overweight/fat(肥胖的)
thin(瘦的)
near/short-sighted(近视的)
mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的)
normal(正常的)
abnormal(不正常的)
energetic(精力旺盛的)
unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯)
eat much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)等
Stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康)
enough sleep(充足的睡眠)
build up 强身健体)
take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动)
roper diet(合理的饮食)
good living habits(良好的生活习惯)
lose weight(减肥)
remove heavy burdens(减轻负担)
be good for/do good to(对…有益处)
nutrition(营养)
form a … eating habit(养成一个……的饮食习惯)
话题六:环境保护
Pollute(污染)
Waste is scattering here and there.(到处撒满了废弃物)
protect the environment(保护环境)
send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air(散发出烟和有毒气体)
cut down trees(砍伐树木)
pour waste water into the rivers(把废水注入河流)
It is a shame to throw rubbish around.(乱扔垃圾是可耻的)
form good habits to protect the surroundings(养成良好的习惯来保护环境)
take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物)
take good care of our forests(关心我们的森林)
plant more trees to improve the environment (多植来改善环境)
The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。)
话题七:校园文明与安全问题
School rules and regulations(学校规章制度),
obey(遵守)
observe(遵守)
keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律)
behave well(表现良好)
be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁)
keep the environment clean(保持环境干净)
spit(吐痰)
break the rules(违反规章制度)
discipline(纪律)
civilized(文明的)
throw rubbish everywhere(乱扔垃圾)
cheat in the exam(考试作弊)
get in line (插队)
fight with sb.(与……打架)
punish sb. for (因……处罚某人)等。
The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school. 学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。
The students are expected to … 学校期望学生……
It must be made clear that the students should … 必须明确的一点是,学生应该……
… is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society. ……对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。
It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。
It is worthy of praise to ... ……是值得表扬的。
It is shameful to … ……是可耻的。
What we should do is that … 我们应该做的事
话题八:友谊
get to know sb.(认识某人)
know sb. really well(熟知某人)
make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友)
a strong personality (一个很强的个性)
personal matters(隐私)
friendship(友谊)
friendly(友好的)
a close friend(一个亲密的朋友)
trust each other (相互信任)
precious(珍贵的)
worthy(有价值的)
understanding(通情达理的)
share …with sb.(与……分享……)
keep company with sb.(和……结交)
keep in touch with sb. (与……保持联系)
be loyal to(对……忠诚)
stay best friends with sb. (和……保持很好的友谊)
在描述此话题时常用的句型有:
1.Friends give us … 朋友给予我们……。
2.A good friend is someone you can … 一位好朋友就是一个我们能够……的人。
3.The first time I met …, he was … 当我第一次遇到……的时候,他……。
4.Friendship plays an important part in … 友谊在……中扮演一个重要角色。
5.You can … to be a good friend. 你可以……来成为别人的好朋友。
6.We can turn to ... when we feel down. 当我们心情糟糕时,可以求助于……。
7… makes a good friend. ……成就好朋友。
8.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真知。
9. … have a friend of … years with sb. ……与……有着……年的友情。