肥胖问题不能只看体重！加拿大新临床指南对医生发出警告
一直以来，大家都认为减肥就是“少吃多运动”，但是加拿大新发布的临床指南指出，治疗肥胖更应该关注肥胖的根源，尤其要杜绝对肥胖者的歧视。
Photo by Siora Photography on Unsplash
Obesity should be defined by a person's health - not just their weight, says a new Canadian clinical guideline.
加拿大的一份新临床指南称，肥胖与否应该视健康状况而定，而不只是体重。
It also advises doctors to go beyond simply recommending diet and exercise. Instead, they should focus on the root causes of weight gain and take a holistic approach to health.
该指南还建议医生不要只是就膳食和锻炼给出医嘱，而应该关注肥胖的根源，从整体的视角来看待健康问题。
The guideline, which was published in the Canadian Medical Association Journalon Tuesday, specifically admonished weight-related stigma against patients in the health system.
8月4日发表在《加拿大医学协会期刊》上的这一指南特别对医疗系统中针对肥胖症患者的歧视发出了警告。
Ximena Ramos-Salas, the director of research and policy at Obesity Canada and one of the guideline's authors, said research shows many doctors discriminate against obese patients, and that can lead to worse health outcomes irrespective of their weight.
该指南的作者之一、加拿大肥胖组织的研究和政策主任西米娜·拉莫斯-萨拉斯称，研究显示许多医生都歧视肥胖症患者，而这种歧视会令健康恶化，无论患者体重多少。
"Weight bias is not just about believing the wrong thing about obesity," she told the BBC. "Weight bias actually has an effect on the behaviour of healthcare practitioners."
她告诉BBC说：“体重歧视不仅是对肥胖有误解，实际上还会对保健医师的行为产生影响。”
The rate of obesity has tripled over the past three decades in Canada, and now about one in four Canadians is obese according to Statistics Canada.
过去三十年间，加拿大的肥胖率上升了两倍，根据加拿大统计局的数据，现在约有四分之一的加拿大人是肥胖者。
Although the latest advice still recommends using diagnostic criteria like the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, it acknowledges their clinical limitations and says doctors should focus more on how weight impacts a person's health.
尽管最新指南仍建议人们采用身体质量指数和腰围来作为诊断标准，但指南承认了临床治疗的局限性，并表示医生应该更多地关注体重是如何影响一个人的健康的。
Small reductions in weight, of about 3-5%, can lead to health improvements and an obese person's "best weight" might not be their "ideal weight" according to BMI, the guideline says.
指南指出，体重微降（大约3%到5%）可以改善健康，而且一个肥胖者的“最佳体重”可能不是他们根据身体质量指数算出的“理想体重”。
It emphasises that obesity is a complex, chronic condition that needs lifelong management.
指南强调，肥胖是一个需要终生管理的复杂的慢性病。
"For a long time we've associated obesity as a lifestyle behaviour... It's been a lot of shame and blame before," Ms Ramos-Salas says.
拉莫斯-萨拉斯女士称：“长时间以来我们一直将肥胖与生活方式关联在一起……肥胖在过去伴随着许多耻辱和责备。”
"People living with obesity need support like people living with any other chronic disease."
“患有肥胖症的人需要和患有其他慢性病的人一样的支持。”
But instead of simply advising patients to "eat less, move more", the guideline encourages doctors to provide supports along the lines of psychological therapy, medication and bariatric surgery like gastric-bypass surgery.
这一指南没有简单地建议肥胖患者“少吃多动”，而是鼓励医生提供心理治疗、药物治疗和胃分流术等减肥手术这样的支持。
The guideline doesn't completely do away with standard weight-loss advice.
不过该指南也没有完全舍弃标准的减肥建议。
"All individuals, regardless of body size or composition, would benefit from adopting a healthy, well-balanced eating pattern and engaging in regular physical activity," it says.
指南称：“所有个体，无论是什么体型或体质，都会从健康平衡的饮食习惯和定期运动中获益。”
However, it notes that keeping the weight off is often difficult because the brain will compensate by feeling more hungry, thus encouraging people to eat more.
但是，它指出，减肥通常很困难，因为大脑会通过饥饿感来补偿，从而鼓励人们吃更多东西。
Many studies have shown that most people who lose weight on a diet gain it back.
许多研究都显示，大多数通过节食来减肥的人后来体重又反弹了。
"Diets don't work," Ms Ramos-Salas says.
拉莫斯-萨拉斯女士称：“节食没有用。”
Physicians should also ask permission before discussing a patient's weight, and work with them to focus on health goals that matter to them, instead of just telling them to cut calories.
医生应该先征得允许才能讨论患者的体重，并和患者一起关注对其有意义的健康目标，而不只是让他们少吃。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮
来源：中国日报网
“日渐肥胖”怎么表达？说成“day change fat”就尴尬了！
在日常生活和英语学习中，我们经常会遇到一些看似简单，实则容易陷入翻译误区的短语。比如，“日渐肥胖”如果直译为“day change fat”，不仅会让人捧腹大笑，还会显得我们的英语水平有待提高。今天，我们就来一起探讨几个常见但易错的英语短语，从“day by day”到“save the day”，让你的英语表达更加地道、准确。
day by day是什么意思？
“Day by day”是一个常用的英语短语，用来描述某事物或情况随着时间的推移而逐渐变化的过程。它强调的是一种持续、渐进的变化。
- 解释：逐渐地，日复一日地。
- 例句：
- Her confidence is growing day by day. （她的自信心日渐增强。）
- The weather is getting warmer day by day as spring approaches. （随着春天的到来，天气日渐变暖。）
day after day解释
与“day by day”相似，“day after day”也用来表示连续不断的日子，但它在语气上更加强调重复性和持续性，通常用于描述一种单调、重复的状态或行为。
- 解释：日复一日地，连续不断地。
- 例句：
- He worked hard day after day to meet the deadline. （他为了赶在截止日期前完成任务，日复一日地努力工作。）
- Day after day, she waited for his letter, but it never came. （她日复一日地等待他的来信，但信始终未到。）
a field day是什么意思？
“A field day”并不是指真正的在田野里度过的一天，而是一个比喻，用来形容一个充满乐趣、活动丰富、让人尽情享受的日子。它通常与户外活动、比赛或庆祝活动相关。
- 解释：狂欢日，尽情享受的一天。
- 例句：
- The kids had a field day at the amusement park. （孩子们在游乐园里玩得不亦乐乎。）
- Our team had a field day winning all the games at the sports festival. （我们队在运动会中赢得了所有比赛，度过了狂欢的一天。）
save the day是什么意思？
“Save the day”是一个充满英雄色彩的短语，用来形容某人在关键时刻挺身而出，解决了困难或危机，从而挽救了局面。
- 解释：在关键时刻挽救局面，成为英雄。
- 例句：
- He saved the day by fixing the broken machine at the last minute. （他在最后一刻修好了故障的机器，挽救了局面。）
- The coach's inspiring speech saved the day and motivated the team to win the game. （教练的鼓舞人心的演讲在关键时刻挽救了局面，激励球队赢得了比赛。）
每日记一词：Obesity
单词: Obesity
词性: 名词
意思: 肥胖症，肥大;过胖
音标: /əʊˈbi:sɪti/
巧记方法：
1.构词法：Obesity可以分为两部分，前缀'ob-'意为“过度”，后缀'-esity'与'quality'（质量）同源，故可理解为“过度的质量”即“肥胖”。
2.谐音法：
1)按英文原始发音：“欧比是他”，联想到一个人因为过度肥胖，人们都叫他''欧比是他''。
2)分拆按汉语拼音发音：分解为o（哦）be（倍）si(死)ti(体），谐音为“哦，倍死体”，联想到过度肥胖的人身体状况不佳。
3.与其它单词的关联：Obesity和Fat都表示“胖”，但obesity更侧重于医学上的严重肥胖。
例句:
【例句1】Obesity can lead to a number of health problems.（肥胖症会导致许多健康问题。）
【例句2】The government is aiming to reduce obesity rates.（政府打算降低肥胖率。）
【例句3】Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases.（肥胖是许多疾病的危险因素。）
词源: Obesity源自拉丁语obesitas,意为“肥胖”。
近义词:
【近义词1】fat（胖的，肥的）
【近义词2】overweight（超重的）
【近义词3】corpulent（肥胖的）
反义词:
【反义词1】thin（瘦的）
【反义词2】slim（苗条的）
常见搭配:
【常见搭配1】childhood obesity（儿童肥胖症）
【常见搭配2】obesity epidemic（肥胖症流行）
【常见搭配3】obesity problem（肥胖问题）
拓展说明:
【关于单词更深入的解释或用法说明】虽然obesity和fat都表示“胖”，但是在使用中有区别。Fat多用于日常口语中，描述一个人外形胖，而obesity多用于医学上，描述一种疾病，指的是体重超过正常值的30%，对健康造成威胁的状态。在写作中，要根据需要选择使用，避免混淆。